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According to the functional relationship between the output voltage and the rotor angle, Resolver can be mainly classified into the following three types:
1. Sine or cosine Resolver : Their output voltage has a sine or cosine functional relationship with the rotor's rotation angle.
2. Linear Resolver : Its output voltage is in a linear function relationship with the rotor's rotation angle. Linear Resolver are further classified into two types based on the rotor structure: the hidden-pole type and the exposed-pole type.
3. Proportional Resolver : Its output voltage is in a proportional relationship with the rotation angle.
The following factors can affect system accuracy and settling time in typical Resolver applications:
Mechanical Factors
• Sensor structure (zero-point voltage, transformation ratio, etc.)
• Variation of sensor specifications with temperature
• Coil imbalance: The output voltages of the sine and cosine coils may be unbalanced, leading to errors.
• Resolver sensor misalignment: The resolver may be installed incorrectly, resulting in static system errors.
Electrical Factors
• Resolver analog-to-digital conversion structure
• Time delay from resolver signal input to angle output, and the settling time for rapid angular changes
• Imbalance of the analog front-end (AFE) components
• System's ability to handle environmental factors (e.g., external magnetic fields or common-mode noise)
Settling Time
When the motor position or output signal of a rotary transformer changes rapidly, the settling time is a performance indicator of the RDC control system's speed. To track the rotation angle under rapidly changing conditions, the acceleration mode helps the control loop easily track a fast-changing rotation angle.
EMC/EMI Effects on Resolver Systems
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) refers to how an electronic system operates in an electromagnetic environment without experiencing problems (immunity). Similarly, the system's emitted pulses must not interfere with any other products within its range. In industrial equipment applications, variable speed drives and control circuits are major sources of interference. The rapid switching of power components, such as insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and microcontrollers, is a primary source of high-frequency emissions or interference. IGBT switching times can be as short as 100 ns.
Typical applications of Resolver:
•CNC (Computer Numerical Control) and injection molding machines
• Elevators
• Robotic arms
• Electric vehicles (electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric wheelchairs, etc.)
• Rail transportation
• Agricultural and construction equipment
• Buses and heavy trucks
FAQ
Q1：What is a resolver and where are it used?
A resolver is a brushless angle feedback system based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, producing an absolute analog signal. It is primarily used to control the speed of servo motors. Compared to rotary encoders, resolvers have a wider range of applications (e.g., robotics, automotive, transportation, aerospace, and military). Depending on the design, the operating temperature range can be -55°C to 155°C. Resolvers are unaffected by radioactivity and can be used in absolute vacuum (space). Maximum speeds can reach 90,000 rpm.
Q2：Why did the resolver control unit report an error during the first test?
Are the frequency, input voltage, turns ratio, and current loss of the resolver consistent with the values set by the control unit。Stranded cable (input voltage, Sin, Cos)
Is there any electromagnetic interference (from motor brakes, excessively long cables)
Q3：Why can resolver products in the same series have different specifications?
Because servo controllers commonly found on the market come in different frequencies and voltages. The data on resistance and phase shift in the three tables correspond to various resistances, impedance strengths, and phase shifts under two to three different input frequencies and feedback voltages. We provide you with the necessary information to help you select the correct analog-to-digital converter or appropriate control components.
Q4：How to install and secure the stator and rotor of a rotary transformer?
The stator is mounted to the bearing housing of the motor. It is secured using clamps or snap rings.
The rotor is typically glued to the rotating shaft. For some special shapes or security applications, the rotor can be secured to the shaft using axial screws. For larger shaft diameters, the rotor is secured with radial clamping screws (e.g., set screws).
Q5：What is the accuracy of the resolver?
Standard resolvers have an absolute measurement accuracy of ±10'. In most cases, this accuracy is sufficient for speed control units with typical systems. For applications requiring higher precision positioning, we also offer resolvers with absolute measurement accuracies of ±6' and ±4'.
Please contact our sales team for details regarding model naming.
info@start-motors-tech.com (Mr.Louis)
According to the functional relationship between the output voltage and the rotor angle, Resolver can be mainly classified into the following three types:
1. Sine or cosine Resolver : Their output voltage has a sine or cosine functional relationship with the rotor's rotation angle.
2. Linear Resolver : Its output voltage is in a linear function relationship with the rotor's rotation angle. Linear Resolver are further classified into two types based on the rotor structure: the hidden-pole type and the exposed-pole type.
3. Proportional Resolver : Its output voltage is in a proportional relationship with the rotation angle.
The following factors can affect system accuracy and settling time in typical Resolver applications:
Mechanical Factors
• Sensor structure (zero-point voltage, transformation ratio, etc.)
• Variation of sensor specifications with temperature
• Coil imbalance: The output voltages of the sine and cosine coils may be unbalanced, leading to errors.
• Resolver sensor misalignment: The resolver may be installed incorrectly, resulting in static system errors.
Electrical Factors
• Resolver analog-to-digital conversion structure
• Time delay from resolver signal input to angle output, and the settling time for rapid angular changes
• Imbalance of the analog front-end (AFE) components
• System's ability to handle environmental factors (e.g., external magnetic fields or common-mode noise)
Settling Time
When the motor position or output signal of a rotary transformer changes rapidly, the settling time is a performance indicator of the RDC control system's speed. To track the rotation angle under rapidly changing conditions, the acceleration mode helps the control loop easily track a fast-changing rotation angle.
EMC/EMI Effects on Resolver Systems
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) refers to how an electronic system operates in an electromagnetic environment without experiencing problems (immunity). Similarly, the system's emitted pulses must not interfere with any other products within its range. In industrial equipment applications, variable speed drives and control circuits are major sources of interference. The rapid switching of power components, such as insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) and microcontrollers, is a primary source of high-frequency emissions or interference. IGBT switching times can be as short as 100 ns.
Typical applications of Resolver:
•CNC (Computer Numerical Control) and injection molding machines
• Elevators
• Robotic arms
• Electric vehicles (electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric wheelchairs, etc.)
• Rail transportation
• Agricultural and construction equipment
• Buses and heavy trucks
FAQ
Q1：What is a resolver and where are it used?
A resolver is a brushless angle feedback system based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, producing an absolute analog signal. It is primarily used to control the speed of servo motors. Compared to rotary encoders, resolvers have a wider range of applications (e.g., robotics, automotive, transportation, aerospace, and military). Depending on the design, the operating temperature range can be -55°C to 155°C. Resolvers are unaffected by radioactivity and can be used in absolute vacuum (space). Maximum speeds can reach 90,000 rpm.
Q2：Why did the resolver control unit report an error during the first test?
Are the frequency, input voltage, turns ratio, and current loss of the resolver consistent with the values set by the control unit。Stranded cable (input voltage, Sin, Cos)
Is there any electromagnetic interference (from motor brakes, excessively long cables)
Q3：Why can resolver products in the same series have different specifications?
Because servo controllers commonly found on the market come in different frequencies and voltages. The data on resistance and phase shift in the three tables correspond to various resistances, impedance strengths, and phase shifts under two to three different input frequencies and feedback voltages. We provide you with the necessary information to help you select the correct analog-to-digital converter or appropriate control components.
Q4：How to install and secure the stator and rotor of a rotary transformer?
The stator is mounted to the bearing housing of the motor. It is secured using clamps or snap rings.
The rotor is typically glued to the rotating shaft. For some special shapes or security applications, the rotor can be secured to the shaft using axial screws. For larger shaft diameters, the rotor is secured with radial clamping screws (e.g., set screws).
Q5：What is the accuracy of the resolver?
Standard resolvers have an absolute measurement accuracy of ±10'. In most cases, this accuracy is sufficient for speed control units with typical systems. For applications requiring higher precision positioning, we also offer resolvers with absolute measurement accuracies of ±6' and ±4'.
Please contact our sales team for details regarding model naming.
info@start-motors-tech.com (Mr.Louis)
